Title Sleep Bruxism Is Related to the Use of Alcohol, Caffeine, and Tobacco
Clinical Question In adults, is there a relationship between sleep bruxism and the use of alcohol, caffeine, tobacco, or methamphetamine?
Clinical Bottom Line Sleep bruxism is positively associated with the use of alcohol, caffeine, and tobacco; there is insufficient evidence to determine a relationship between sleep bruxism and methamphetamine use.
Best Evidence  
PubMed ID Author / Year Patient Group Study type
(level of evidence)
27522154Bertazzo-Silveira/20167 included studies, sample size ranging from 51-10,229 adults ages 18-55Systematic Review
Key resultsBased on the limited availability of scientific evidence, the authors suggest a positive association between sleep bruxism and use of alcohol, caffeine, and tobacco. Both binge drinking (OR 1.8, 95% CI, 1.36-2.39) and heavy drinking (OR 1.7, 95% CI, 1.11-1.67) were associated with sleep bruxism; consumption of more than 8 cups of coffee per day (OR 1.4, 95% CI, 1.01-1.98) was associated with sleep bruxism; current smoking (OR 2.9, 95% CI, 2.26-3.61) was associated with sleep bruxism. More research is necessary to discern a relationship between sleep bruxism and methamphetamine use.
Evidence Search ("sleep bruxism"[MeSH Terms] OR ("sleep"[All Fields] AND "bruxism"[All Fields]) OR "sleep bruxism"[All Fields]) AND drug [All Fields]
Comments on
The Evidence
Validity: This systematic review shows a moderate level of evidence available to suggest an association between sleep bruxism and use of alcohol, caffeine, and tobacco. Perspective: The current evidence is promising; however, further investigation is needed to increase its strength. Diagnosis of sleep bruxism is a challenge for investigators due to the lack of diagnostic tools. The most reliable methods are electromyography and polysomnography; however, these methods are expensive. The most affordable ways to evaluate patients for sleep bruxism are the use of questionnaires and clinical examinations. Comparisons between studies included in a systematic review or meta-analysis are complicated due to the lack of homogeneity between individual investigations. Dentists should be aware of these associations during interviews and clinical examination of patients. Using criteria developed by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine to screen patients for sleep bruxism will allow dentists to interview, educate, and appropriately treat patients with respect to individual risk factors.
Applicability The current evidence is applicable to restorative dentists and other health care practitioners who treat patients that exhibit the signs or symptoms of nocturnal bruxism. Dentists should be aware of these associations during interviews and clinical assessment of patients. Using criteria developed by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine to screen patients for sleep bruxism will allow dentists to interview, educate, and treat patients with respect to individual risk factors. Practitioners are cautioned that patients may omit information during the interview phase relating to their use of these substances and may be resistant to behavior modification, further complicating proper diagnosis, treatment planning, and appropriate referral.
Specialty (General Dentistry) (Prosthodontics) (Restorative Dentistry)
Keywords sleep bruxism, orofacial pain, sleep medicine, sleep dentistry
ID# 3130
Date of submission 12/09/2016
E-mail staffordja@uthscsa.edu
Author Jesse Stafford, DDS
Co-author(s)
Co-author(s) e-mail
Faculty mentor Stephan Haney, DDS
Faculty mentor e-mail haneys2@uthscsa.edu
   
Basic Science Rationale
(Mechanisms that may account for and/or explain the clinical question, i.e. is the answer to the clinical question consistent with basic biological, physical and/or behavioral science principles, laws and research?)
None available
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Comments and Evidence-Based Updates on the CAT
(FOR PRACTICING DENTISTS', FACULTY, RESIDENTS and/or STUDENTS COMMENTS ON PUBLISHED CATs)
None available