| PubMed ID | Author / Year | Patient Group | Study type (level of evidence) |
| 23990948 | Sgolastra/2013 | 384 studies | Meta-Analysis |
| Key results | This meta-analysis concluded that a relationship between pregnant women with periodontal disease (PD) and development of preeclampsia (PE) does indeed exist. Originally, 384 studies were reviewed; however, only 15 studies qualified for inclusion in this meta-analysis. Exclusion criteria included: 1) patients with systemic disease 2) no report of adjustment for confounding factors and 3) duplicate studies. Sample sizes ranged from 54 to 1206 participants between each study. The odds ratio for all case-control studies was 2.17 with a 95% confidence interval of (1.29-3.63). The results from case-control studies appeared to contain more data validating a relationship between PD and PE, particularly when PD is defined as deep probing depths and clinical attachment loss. The odds ratio for these findings was 2.50. | ||
| 23631578 | Ide/2013 | 10 studies | Systematic review |
| Key results | 5 case-control studies were examined in this systemic review to evaluate the association of maternal periodontitis and preeclampsia. In general, PD was defined as the presence of 4 or more teeth with probing depths equal to or exceeding 4mm. These same sites must also have 3mm or greater clinical attach loss. The systemic review collected data from a total 4224 participants when combining all 5 case-control studies. The case group contained 1535 women and the control group contained 2689. The odds ratio for the entire data was 1.61 with a 95%confidence interval of (1.36-1.92). Overall, data from all 5 studies showed a positive association between maternal PD and preeclampsia. | ||
| 16460242 | Contreras/2006 | 373 pregnant women | Case Control Study |
| Key results | Of the 373 participants, 243 (63.4%) women with healthy gingiva/gingivitis did not develop preeclampsia during pregnancy, compared to 130 (36.3%) women who did—having a statistical significance of P < 0.001. Women with preeclampsia had a greater occurrence of periodontitis than women without the disease. 63.8% of the case group had chronic periodontitis (83 out of 130). Only 36.6% of the control group was diagnosed with periodontitis (89 out of 243). The p-valve for this relationship was also P < 0.001. The relationship between periodontitis and preeclampsia had an odds ratio of 3.0, and increased to 3.32 in women with moderate/severe periodontitis. Pathogens, such as P. gingivalis, T. forsythensis, and E. corrodens, which are suspected to induce complications in pregnancy, had a 61.5%, 28.5%, and 49.2% occurrence rate, respectively, in the case group. The odds ratio for the presence of these pathogens and development of preeclampsia were 1.77 and 1.80 respectively. | ||
The Evidence
| Basic Science Rationale (Mechanisms that may account for and/or explain the clinical question, i.e. is the answer to the clinical question consistent with basic biological, physical and/or behavioral science principles, laws and research?) |
| None available |
| Comments and Evidence-Based Updates on the CAT (FOR PRACTICING DENTISTS', FACULTY, RESIDENTS and/or STUDENTS COMMENTS ON PUBLISHED CATs) |
| None available |