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| Title |
Patients with Type I or Type II Diabetes Exhibit More Dry Mouth Symptoms and Xerostomia Compared to Non-Diabetics |
| Clinical Question |
In patients with Type I or Type II diabetes, is there an increased incidence of xerostomia, compared to non-diabetics? |
| Clinical Bottom Line |
There is a clear relationship between diabetes and the presence of xerostomia. |
| Best Evidence |
(you may view more info by clicking on the PubMed ID link) |
| PubMed ID |
Author / Year |
Patient Group |
Study type
(level of evidence) |
| #1) 21969888 | Al-Maskari/2011 | Adults with diabetes mellitus. | Narrative Review | | Key results | Diabetic patients reported low saliva flow symptoms and had Xerostomia when compared to non-diabetic controls, especially those with parotid gland dysfunction after developing diabetic neuropathy. | | #2) 21883355 | Bustao/2011 | Adolescents with and without diabetes mellitus. | Case Control | | Key results | In this study, the prevalence of xerostomia was 53% (n=27) in adolescents with Diabetes Mellitus. Bivariate (P = 0.00) and logistic regression (P = 0.01) analysis showed a significant association between DM1 and xerostomia (n=102). | | #3) 11552145 | Moore/2001 | 406 subjects with Type 1 diabetes and 268 control subjects. | Case Control | | Key results | Subjects with diabetes were found to have lower mean salivary flow rates (resting flow rates 0.22 +/- 0.014 mL/min compared to 0.28 +/- 0.016 mL/min for control subjects, P= .005) and higher prevalence of hyposalivation (stimulated salivary flow rates of 0.89 +/- 0.047 mL/min for diabetics compared to 1.02 +/-0.054 mL/min for control subjects, P= .071). The diabetic subjects reported a lower (<0.01 mL/min) resting salivary flow rate (11.8% vs. 2.7%) and lower stimulated salivary flow rates, or hyposalivation, (<0.10 mL/min) compared to control subjects (12.4% vs. 5.5%). The analysis of salivary dysfunction factors indicated a relationship between peripheral neuropathy due to diabetes and xerostomia and hyposalivation.
| | #4) 24086848 | Prathibha/2013 | 30 Diabetic subjects and 30 non-diabetic subjects 40-55 years of age. | Case Control | | Key results | Diabetics had a pronounces decrease in flow rate (0.46 +/-0.02 mL/min) compared to the non-diabetics (0.67+/-0.07 mL/min), p<001. | |
| Evidence Search |
("diabetes mellitus"[MeSH Terms] OR ("diabetes"[All Fields] AND "mellitus"[All Fields]) OR "diabetes mellitus"[All Fields]) AND salivary[All Fields] AND ("physiopathology"[Subheading] OR "physiopathology"[All Fields] OR "dysfunction"[All Fields]) |
Comments on
The Evidence |
Validity: All of these articles provided valid evidence with corroborating references.
Perspective: The insight provided in these articles can elucidate the causes and measures needed to treat diabetic patients who may not only suffer from decreased salivary flow, but also other symptoms that can emanate from xerostomia, such as dysesthesia, periodontitis and increased risk for caries. In particular, the article by Moore/2001 addresses the possibility that xerostomia in diabetics may be due to correlative issues relating to consumption of prescription drugs as opposed to diabetes being a direct cause of dry mouth symptoms. |
| Applicability |
Because of the high prevalence of diabetes in the South Texas area, it is important to inform diabetic patients of oral complications such as xerostomia. Saliva stimulation counseling can be provided to diabetic patients who exhibit signs and symptoms of xerostomia, to help them manage the symptoms and prevent additional oral complications, such as caries, in the future. |
| Specialty/Discipline |
(Oral Medicine/Pathology/Radiology) (General Dentistry) (Dental Hygiene) |
| Keywords |
Xerostomia, Diabetes, Salivary flow, general practice
|
| ID# |
2668 |
| Date of submission: |
04/01/2014 |
| E-mail |
ruizf3@uthscsa.edu |
| Author |
Florestella Ruiz |
| Co-author(s) |
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| Co-author(s) e-mail |
|
| Faculty mentor/Co-author |
Juanita Lozano-Pineda, DDS, MPH |
| Faculty mentor/Co-author e-mail |
pinedaj@uthscsa.edu |
Basic Science Rationale
(Mechanisms that may account for and/or explain the clinical question, i.e. is the answer to the clinical question consistent with basic biological, physical and/or behavioral science principles, laws and research?) |
post a rationale |
| None available | |
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Comments and Evidence-Based Updates on the CAT
(FOR PRACTICING DENTISTS', FACULTY, RESIDENTS and/or STUDENTS COMMENTS ON PUBLISHED CATs) |
post a comment |
| None available | |
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